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ATHENS

4000 b.c Neolithic Period

According to the discoveries of archaeological researches, the first organisational efforts of Athens and construction of small walls began during the neolithic period. The history of Athens reports as its first settler the Kekropa. He is believed to have came in Athens from Egypt in order to joins the residents of the region and teach them the olive grove and oil production, placing at the same time the first laws and founding Kekropia. Relatives and descendants of Kekropa were considered to be the heroes of Athenian tradition, the Eretheas, the Kranaos, Ion and the Thiseas. Eretheas constitutes a historical person that was linked with mythical traditions. Specifically, he was linked with the myth of the city as it is speculated that he judged the difference between Athena and the Neptune. According to the myth, the name of city is connected with the adversity of Neptune and Athena as regards to the protection of Athens. The god, so that he could gain the sympathy of the city residents, offered them a horse, while Athena, striking the rock of Acropolis with her spear, offered them the olive that sprouted there as gift. The Athenians preferred the olive as it symbolized to them the peace and the prosperity and so the city took the name of the winning goddess. The myth symbolizes the adversity between the first residents that worshipped Athena and the Ionians that imported the adoration of Neptune.

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